Cash is simple, portable, anonymous, easily exchangeable at an agreed value by both buyer and seller, and accepted nearly everywhere. Yet the physical nature of cash creates big transaction costs, and a wide range of security and transparency risks.

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I was born in Mombasa, Kenya. I lived and worked in London for many years, then moved back to Kenya, and now live in Nairobi. TEDxChange@TEDxKibera was held in Kibera, a place that over the years had become quite mythical in my mind.

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When I returned to work in Seattle following my trip to Kenya and Ghana, I was filled with tremendous optimism, mostly due to one fact: While we here at the foundation might be working hard to help lift people out of poverty, the poor are working harder.

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Around the world, banks, mobile network operators, and others are using innovative ways to make financial services more accessible and affordable for the poor.

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Imagine you’re a migrant laborer living entirely in the cash economy. How do you send money home to your wife and kids? How do you buy supplies from the next town over? How do you pay utility bills?

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